May 11th, 2012
âDensity Waves in Solids is written for graduate students and scientists interested in solid-state sciences. It discusses the theoretical and experimental state of affairs of two novel types of broken symmetry ground states of metals, charge, and spin density waves. These states arise as the consequence of electron-phonon and electron-electron interactions in low-dimensional metals.Some fundamental aspects of the one-dimensional electron gas, and of the materials with anisotropic properties, are discussed first. This is followed by the mean field theory of the phases transitionsÂdiscussed using second quantized formalismÂtogether with the various experimental observations on the transition and on the ground states. Fluctuation effects and the collective excitations are reviewed next, using the Ginzburg-Landau formalism, followed by the review of the interaction of these states with the underlying lattice and with impurities. The final chapters are devoted to the response of the ground states to external perturbations.
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March 24th, 2012
Rare earth (R) telluride compounds have attracted recent attention due to their effective low dimensionality. RTen (n=2, 2.5, 3) play host to a charge density wave (CDW) and can be described in terms of a nominally tetragonal structure based on alternating layers of square-planar Te sheets and a corrugated RTe slab (R=Rare Earth). Band structure calculations for the material indicate a strongly anisotropic two dimensional Fermi surface (FS) of mostly Te 5p character with minimal dispersion perpendicular to the Te planes, and a superlattice modulation of the average structure has been observed, which can be understood in terms of optimal nesting of a Fermi surface derived from simple tight-binding arguments. These observations essentially establish the lattice modulation in these materials as a charge density wave (CDW), driven by an electronic instability of the Fermi surface. The structural and electronic simplicity, combined with the large size of the CDW gap, makes these materials particularly attractive for studying CDW formation and its effect on the electronic and crystal structure. In this study, the results of TEM, high resolution X-ray Diffraction, heat capacity and resistivity measurements of single crystals of two specific families of layered rare earth tellurides, RTe2 (R=La and Ce) and R2Te5 (R=Nd, Sm and Gd) are reported. We have prepared high quality samples in single crystal form using an alternative self-flux technique, which lends itself to minimizing the risk of contamination by not using a separate flux or transport agent. The CDW in R2Te5 ( R=Nd, Sm and Gd) was first observed in this study and the measurements provide complementary information about the competing CDW order parameters formed in different Te layers in the crystal. Each of the materials exhibits a complex mixture of incommensurate and commensurate CDW vectors and the origin of the observations are discussed in terms of the electronic structure and the susceptibility. Our results indicate that subtle differences, such as the choice of rare earth and band filling, can substantially affect the superlattice modulation and electronic structure.
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March 20th, 2012
Contents include: Introduction; Thin Rb0.30MoO3 Films by Pulsed-Laser Deposition; Lithographically Patterned Wires of Rb0.30MoO3; Sliding-CDW Transport in Micron-Sized Rb0.30MoO3 Wires; Submicron NbSe3 Structures; CDW Current Conversion in Submicron NbSe3 Wires; Summary.
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March 7th, 2012
Modulated crystals have been intensively investigated over the past several years and it is now evident that an understanding of their crystallography and microstructure is fundamental to the elucidation of the physical properties and phase transitions in these materials. This book brings together for the first time the crystallographic descriptions and experimental methods for the structural and microstructural analysis of modulated crystals as described by well-known researchers in the various areas. The emphasis is on charge density wave modulations, and the detailed analysis of the prototypical NbTe4/TaTe4 system gives practical applications of the methods. Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy is a new technique providing significant new insights into atomic scale details of the modulations’ structures and a chapter on this method is included.
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February 1st, 2012
The latest addition to this series covers a field which is commonly referred to as charge density wave dynamics. The most thoroughly investigated materials are inorganic linear chain compounds with highly anisotropic electronic properties. The volume opens with an examination of their structural properties and the essential features which allow charge density waves to develop. The behaviour of the charge density waves, where interesting phenomena are observed, is treated both from a theoretical and an experimental standpoint. The role of impurities in statics and dynamics is considered and an examination of the possible role of solitons in incommensurate charge density wave systems is given. A number of ways to describe charge density waves theoretically, using computer simulations as well as microscopical models, are presented by a truely international board of authors.
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January 21st, 2012
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR), time differential perturbed angular correlations (TDPAC), and the Mössbauer effect (ME) have been applied to the study of charge density wave (CDW) systems. These hyperfine techniques provide unique tools to probe the structure and symmetry of commensurate CDWs, give a clear fingerprint of incommensurate CDWs, and are ideally suited for CDW dynamics. This book represents a new attempt in the series `Physics and Chemistry of Materials with Low-dimensional Structures’ to bring together a consistent group of scientific results obtained by nuclear spectroscopy related to CDW phenomena in pseudo-one- and two-dimensional systems. The individual chapters contain: the theory of CDWs in chain-like transition metal tetrachalcogenides; NMR, NQR, TDPAC, and ME investigations of layered transition metal dichalcogenides; NMR studies of CDW-transport in chain-like NbSe3 and molybdenum bronzes; multinuclear NMR of KCP; high resolution NMR of organic conductors. This book is of interest to graduate students and all scientists who want to acquire a broader knowledge of nuclear spectroscopy techniques applied to CDW systems.
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January 7th, 2012
Webster’s bibliographic and event-based timelines are comprehensive in scope, covering virtually all topics, geographic locations and people. They do so from a linguistic point of view, and in the case of this book, the focus is on “Charge-density-wave,” including when used in literature (e.g. all authors that might have Charge-density-wave in their name). As such, this book represents the largest compilation of timeline events associated with Charge-density-wave when it is used in proper noun form. Webster’s timelines cover bibliographic citations, patented inventions, as well as non-conventional and alternative meanings which capture ambiguities in usage. These furthermore cover all parts of speech (possessive, institutional usage, geographic usage) and contexts, including pop culture, the arts, social sciences (linguistics, history, geography, economics, sociology, political science), business, computer science, literature, law, medicine, psychology, mathematics, chemistry, physics, biology and other physical sciences. This “data dump” results in a comprehensive set of entries for a bibliographic and/or event-based timeline on the proper name Charge-density-wave, since editorial decisions to include or exclude events is purely a linguistic process. The resulting entries are used under license or with permission, used under “fair use” conditions, used in agreement with the original authors, or are in the public domain.
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